Cone crusher A crushing machine suitable for raw materials in metallurgy, construction, road construction, chemical and silicate industries. According to different crushing principles and different product particle sizes, they are divided into many models. Crushers are widely used in many sectors such as mining, smelting, building materials, highways, railways, water conservancy and chemical industries. The cone crusher has a large crushing ratio, high efficiency, low energy consumption, uniform product size, and is suitable for medium and fine crushing of various ores and rocks. The models are mainly divided into SMG series, SMH series, SMS series and spring type, etc. Below we introduce their working principle and structure respectively. In the follow-up, we will also introduce the development history, working principle, composition, influencing factors, technical advantages, operation matters, common faults, inspection and maintenance of cone crusher.
Features And Structure
With the continuous development of mining technology, cone crushers are also divided into several categories, including spring cone crusher, mortar cone crusher, hydraulic cone crusher and composite cone crusher according to the type; according to the model is divided into ordinary PY cone crusher, Simmons cone crusher, compound cone crusher, standard hydraulic cone crusher, single cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher and many other models. The hydraulic crusher is developed on the basis of digesting and absorbing various types of cone crushers with international advanced level in the 1980s. It is obviously different from the design of the traditional cone crusher in structure, and focuses on the main advantages of various types of cone crushers known so far. It is suitable for fine crushing and superfine crushing of hard rocks, ores, slag, refractory materials, etc.
Cone crusher structure introduction: Cone crusher structure mainly includes frame, horizontal shaft, moving cone, balance wheel, eccentric sleeve, upper crushing wall (fixed cone), lower crushing wall (moving cone), hydraulic coupling, Lubrication system, hydraulic system.
Working Principle
Animation display：
In the process of the cone crusher, the motor drives the eccentric sleeve to rotate through the transmission device. The moving cone rotates and swings under the force of the eccentric shaft sleeve. The static cone is crushed by multiple squeezes and impacts. When the moving cone leaves the section, the material that has been crushed to the required particle size falls under its own gravity and is discharged from the cone bottom.
Operating Mechanism：
The crushing process is completed between the fixed fixed cone and the moving cone of the cyclic movement. When the cone crusher is working, the horizontal axis of the crusher is driven by the motor through the triangle belt and the pulley. The horizontal axis drives the eccentric sleeve to rotate through the large and small gears. The cone shaft of the crusher produces an eccentric distance under the action of the eccentric sleeve to do the swing motion The surface of the crushing wall is sometimes close to the surface of the fixed cone and sometimes away from the surface of the fixed cone, so that the stone material is continuously crushed by being squeezed, broken and impacted in the crushing cavity. The crushed material is discharged from the discharge port at the lower part of the crusher under the effect of its own weight. The upper cavity of the cone crushing motor cone is supported on the spherical bearing pad at the upper end of the fixed main shaft, and the lower cavity is sleeved on the outside of the eccentric shaft sleeve, and its movement is directly driven by the eccentric shaft sleeve. When the eccentric bushing rotates around the main shaft, the moving cone not only rotates with the eccentric bushing around the center line of the machine, but also rotates around its own axis. The moving cone swings in space around its spherical support center. The axis of the moving cone and the center line of the main shaft intersect at a fixed point, that is, the center point of the sphere, and the included angle is the precession angle. When the crusher is running, the axis of the moving cone makes a conical surface movement relative to the center line of the machine, and the top of the cone is the spherical support center. This point always remains stationary during the movement of the moving cone. Therefore, the motion of the moving cone can be regarded as the rotation of the rigid body around a fixed point, that is, the movement of the moving cone is composed of two kinds of rotational motions: precession motion or involved motion (the moving cone rotates around the center line of the machine) and rotation motion or relative Movement (the moving cone rotates around its own axis).
In the case of no-load operation of the cone crusher, the rotation of the moving cone is determined by the friction torque of the spherical bearing to the moving cone and the friction force of the eccentric bushing to the moving cone. Which moment is greater, the moving cone is based on this torque Direction of rotation. Under normal circumstances, the moving cone rotates along the rotation direction of the eccentric shaft sleeve, and the rotation speed is determined by the difference between the two moments. And this type of cone crusher is between the spherical bearing and the lower bush of the moving cone to control the rotation of the moving cone. In the case of load operation, the friction torque of the stone on the cone surface of the moving cone far exceeds the friction torque of the eccentric bushing on the moving cone.
Products Recommended
SMH Series Cone Crushers
SMH series hydraulic cone crusher is a high-performance cone crusher. By optimized combination of the rotation rate, stroke and the crushing cavity, it realizes the laminated crushing and improves the yield greatly.
Features:
- Optimized cavity, higher capacity
- Minimize the amount of downtime
- Replacement without compounds
SMG Series Cone Crushers
SMG Series Cone Crushers not only provide the features of high reliability, but also with the features of high crushing efficiency, low operation cost, good shape of the end products.
Features:
- Optimized cavity, higher capacity,better quality
- Large feeding opening design
- Easy cavities exchange
SMS Series Cone Crushers
SMS Series Fully Hydraulic Cone Crushers adopts international advanced technologies and has high performance. It is suitable for hard and medium hard rocks and ores.
Features：
- Fixed main shaft
- Modified insurance cylinder, accumulator
- Locking the adjusting ring
SDY Series Cone Crushers
SDY Series spring cone crusher is the new series spring cone crusher which owns international advanced technology and with the superior performance. Fixed shaft design and optimization of the optimized crushing cavity.
Features:
- Reasonable structure, advanced crushing principle and technical parameters, reliable operation and low running costs.
- With large crushing force, high production efficiency and high yield.
- Spring safety system is reliable and can provide
Technical Advantages：
- Large crushing ratio and high production efficiency
——Combining higher speed and stroke makes the rated power and passing ability of SMH crusher greatly improved, and improves the crushing ratio and production efficiency. The hydraulic cone crusher design the perfect combination of crushing stroke, crushing speed and crushing cavity shape. - Less consumption of wearing parts and low running cost
——Reasonable structure, advanced crushing principle and technical parameters, reliable operation and low operating cost; all parts of the crusher are provided with wear-resistant protection to reduce maintenance costs to a minimum, and the general service life can be increased by more than 30%. - Lamination and crushing, excellent product shape
——Replace the traditional single particle crushing principle by adopting the special crushing cavity designed by the principle of intergranular lamination and the matching rotational speed to achieve the selective crushing of materials, which significantly improves the proportion of fine materials and cubic content of the product. To a large extent, the needle sheet material is reduced. - Hydraulic protection and hydraulic cavity cleaning, high degree of automation, reduce downtime
——Hydraulic adjustment discharge port and overload protection greatly improve the operation level of the crusher, making maintenance easier, more convenient operation, and shorter downtime; SMH series cone crusher two-way iron release hydraulic cylinder can let the iron block pass In the crushing cavity, the machine can hydraulically lift and discharge automatically under the condition of iron passing and instantaneous stuffiness, which greatly reduces the trouble of manual discharge of the original spring cone crusher - Thin oil lubrication, reliable and advanced, improve service life
——Unique design of thin oil lubrication system greatly improves the service life of equipment. High-performance non-contact labyrinth seals are wear-free, which improves the reliability of blocking dust and fundamentally eliminates common failures such as oil-water mixing of the original spring cone crusher. - Various crushing cavity types, flexible application and strong adaptability
——The SMH cone crusher only needs to replace the fixed cone liner and the moving cone liner. The crushing cavity shape can be changed from the standard ultra-coarse cavity type to the short-end ultra-fine cavity type arbitrarily. - Easy maintenance, convenient operation and use
——All parts of the cone crusher can be disassembled and maintained from the top or side. The moving cone and the fixed cone are easy to disassemble and disassemble. There is no need to disassemble the frame and tighten the bolts. Therefore, the daily replacement of the lining plate of the cone crusher is more convenient. The use of hydraulic motors optimizes the production efficiency of the crusher. - It provides higher production capacity, the best product shape, and is easy to control automatically, with maximum reliability and flexibility, and truly creates more value for users.
Mechanical Failure：
Fault 1: The oil pressure in the oil pipes before and after the filter is not the same
Cause of failure: clogged filter;
Troubleshooting method: When the oil pressure difference exceeds 0.04MPa, the filter must be cleaned, so that the oil does not pass through the ground filter, and then the filter is removed for cleaning, so that the oil is directly supplied to the crusher, not more than 2-3h.
Fault 2: There is no oil flow in the oil flow indicator, but the oil pressure is lower than 0.5MPa
Causes of failure: 1. Low oil temperature; 2. The oil switch is not turned on well; 3. The oil pump is not easy to use;
Troubleshooting methods: 1. Oil heating; 2. Turn on the switch; 3. Stop the crusher and replace the oil pump.
Fault 3: The amount of oil returned in the oil tank is reduced, and the oil level is significantly reduced
Causes of failure: 1. Oil leakage from the bottom cover of the crusher; 2. Oil leakage from the flange of the drive bearing shell; 3. The groove of the spherical bearing seat is blocked or there is too much oil, and the oil leaks from the dustproof device;
Troubleshooting methods: 1, 2 stop, find out the reason and then add oil to the tank; 3. Stop, clean the oil return groove, adjust the amount of oil, and add oil to the tank.
Fault 4: The oil temperature exceeds 55 ℃, but the oil pressure does not rise
Causes of failure: There is something wrong with the eccentric bushing;
Troubleshooting method: stop and check the straight bushing and cone bushing to find out the cause of the fault and clear it.
Fault 5: The oil temperature rises at the same time as the oil pressure rises
Causes of the failure: The oil pipe or the internal oil circuit of the crusher is blocked;
Troubleshooting method: stop and find the blockage and clear it.
Fault 6: The oil temperature from the cooler exceeds 45 ℃
Causes of failure: 1. No cooling water; 2. High temperature of cooling water; 3. Blocking of cooler;
Troubleshooting method: give cooling water; check whether the water pressure is too low, and increase the pressure as much as possible, check the cooling water temperature; clean the cooler.
Fault 7: There is water in the oil, the amount of oil in the oil tank increases
Cause of failure: The water pressure in the cooler is higher than the oil pressure.